Evidence for a largely unexplored radiation of squamates (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) in the Middle to Late Jurassic is revealed by analyses of morphospace expansion, disparity, and evolutionary rates.

Despite their extreme morphologies, snakes display a global regulatory strategy of their Hox genes similar to that implemented by mammals with, however, important modifications in enhancer specificity.

Nonlinear elasticity of skin tissues and somatosensory neural responses are combined to predict and test C. elegans processing of touch stimuli and modifications due to changes in the body mechanics.

Robust wrinkling pattern of the frilled dragon’s spectacular erectile ruff emerges from an elastic instability during homogeneous growth of the embryonic neck fold frustrated by its attachment to adjacent tissues.

Analysis of bearded dragon model reveals a novel tooth replacement strategy that demonstrates the critical importance of epithelial patterning, cell migration, and putative stem cell functional specialization in tissue regeneration.

Neotropical outstanding biodiversity emerged from sustained rates of species accumulation over time, although, for some periods, tetrapods were less successful than plants in keeping pace with a changing environment.

In-silico modeling of gene and protein emergence reveals how colony-stimulating factors contributed to the evolution and functional adaptions observed in mammalian neutrophils.

Engineered anion-conducting channelrhodopsins with enhanced red-light sensitivity and accelerated kinetics enable precise, low-intensity optical silencing of neurons, advancing optogenetic control in neuroscience research.

Teeth are maintained in two amphibian groups (caecilians and salamanders) but were lost in frogs over 20 times independently, a higher incidence of edentulism than any other major vertebrate group.

A digital flesh model of the sail-backed dinosaur Spinosaurus was tested and performed very poorly in water, favoring the view of this dinosaur as a two-legged, wading ambush predator of large fish in shallow waterways and not an aquatic dinosaur.