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Bacterial-encoded covalent adhesion is a new molecular principle in host-microbe interactions and may play a key role in host colonization by a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria.

A respiratory tissue-associated commensal Lactobacillus strain confers colonization resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae, when applied therapeutically in a post influenza virus super-infection model.

To avoid recognition by the immune system, bacteria use autolysins to trim fragments of peptidoglycans that are exposed on the bacterial cell wall.

Nationally-representative verbal autopsies can be linked to seasonal patterns, clinical syndromes, and climate regions to describe novel insights regarding the microbiologic etiologies of childhood pneumonia and diarrhea in India.

DNA uptake and recombination in pneumococcus are highly efficient and independent of the cell-cycle or genetic location of the transformed allele, but limited to maximally 50% of the population.

Vaccination activities that occurred before the COVID-19 pandemic, 2000-2019, are estimated to avert 50 million deaths, highlighting the enormous benefits of continued and improving vaccination.

The near-atomic cryoEM pore complex structure of pneumolysin, the main virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae, shows how the individual domains rearrange during the pore formation.

Homologous recombination rates tend to be highest in the most conserved parts of bacterial genomes.

Activation of lung macrophage nitric oxide synthase-3 improves both bacterial clearance and outcome in primary and secondary pneumonia models.

In mice, cyclic di-GMP is an effective mucosal pneumococcal vaccine adjuvant that stimulates the immune response via two distinct mechanisms.