A combination of detailed sampling and mathematical modeling suggests that the response of immune cells to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 is extremely rapid and effective within microscopic areas of genital skin.

Enzymes that remove amine groups from cytosine bases in DNA are likely involved in generating the clusters of mutations (kataegis) seen in breast cancer.

Chronic and excessive inflammation can lead to exhaustion of the supply of hematopoietic stem cells and to myeloid malignancies in mice, mimicking important aspects of the myelodysplastic syndrome found in humans.

A DNA transposon, or ‘jumping gene’, controls its amplification within a genome through a competition between the enzyme multimers that are responsible for its mobility.

Computational modelling indicates that C₄ photosynthesis in distantly related plant species arose through a number of independent evolutionary paths.

Long intergenic noncoding RNA molecules (lincRNAs) are shown to have critical roles in mammalian development and physiology in vivo.

The transcription factor STAT5 mediates the increased breast cancer risk associated with a late age pregnancy, but intermittent anti-STAT5 treatment can lower this risk and thus prevent breast cancer.

Active and repressive chromatin marks, asymmetrically distributed between alleles, distinguish gene bodies subject to epigenetically controlled monoallelic expression on autosomes in human cells.

The structure of the Nef:AP-2 complex has been determined and used as the basis of a model that explains how HIV-1 Nef downregulates the CD4 receptor from the surface of the infected cells.

Combined antigenic and genetic analysis shows that different strains of the human influenza virus display dramatically different rates of antigenic drift, and that these differences have a significant impact on the number of new infections in each flu season.