Strategies to enhance Tfh cells for HIV-vaccine antibody persistence and protection is pivotal for vaccine success.

Protein kinase Cδ, a kinase downstream of B-cell antigen receptor, is found to be essential for class switching to and production of IgG in the T-cell-independent type 2 immune response and for regulation of gut-residing bacteria.

Older individuals have impaired conventional dendritic cell and T follicular helper cell formation upon vaccination, which can be rescued by treatment with a TLR7 agonist.

Signalling and metabolic interactions of the plant energy organelles, chloroplasts and mitochondria, depend on the nuclear regulatory protein RCD1.

Tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells exert systemic suppression of adaptive immunity by limiting L-selectin-directed trafficking of T cells at vascular checkpoints in lymph nodes.

Cellular stress induces RNA decay that depends on stress granule assembly and is mediated by XRN1, independent of poly(A) tail and 5' cap removal.

ICOSL-dependent T-cell co-stimulation contributes to the host defense against herpesvirus infections, and accordingly, these pathogens have developed immune evasion mechanisms to interrupt the ICOSL:ICOS signaling pathway.

HLA-B*35:01 molecules that are peptide-deficient are thermostable, bind CD8 with higher affinity than their peptide-filled versions, accumulate at immunological synapses and enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses.

CD40 signaling is necessary to generate the immediate precursors of GC B cells, transition to the BCL6hi follicular state is promoted by a regional and transient diminution of T cell help.

IFNγ increases the responsiveness of human B cells to IL-2, TLR7/8 and IL-21 signals and therefore enhances antibody production in inflammatory settings associated with autoimmune or chronic disease.