Kiss1^ARH neurons transition from synchronous to burst firing under preovulatory levels of E2, causing a shift from peptidergic to glutamatergic transmission that drives the GnRH surge through enhanced glutamate neurotransmission.

The naturally occurring biologics, FLO and HC-HA/PTX3, derived from human birth tissues, may be developed as a much-needed non-opioid therapy for post-surgical pain treatment, leveraging robust neuronal mechanisms.

Uncovering pharyngeal sour taste receptors in Drosophila melanogaster reveals a novel mechanism for detecting ingested carboxylic acids, expanding understanding of how insects internally sense and respond to appetitive tastants.