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The deposition of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine epigenetic marks in active genes promotes the annealing of the nascent RNA to the template DNA strand, forming an R-loop.

The HIV-1 Tat protein hijacks host non-degradative ubiquitination to trigger the nuclear import of the transcription elongation factor, P-TEFb.

tRNA Q34 modification impacts tyrosine codon decoding and leads to proteome reprogramming in response to antibiotic stress in Vibrio cholerae.

TET methylcytosine oxidases cooperate with B lineage-specific transcription factors to promote immunoglobulin gene rearrangement by depositing 5hmC, facilitating DNA demethylation and increasing chromatin accessibility at enhancers.

Trans genetic variation in TdT and Artemis loci impacts V(D)J recombination probabilities.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine-mediated active DNA demethylation occurs in postmitotic neurons, and is required for their terminal differentiation and function.

The redox reagent dithiothreitol causes toxicity by depleting S-adenosylmethionine levels, and dietary vitamin B12 could alleviate this toxicity via the methionine synthase enzyme.

Osterix, a transcription factor regulating osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, is expressed in subsets of CAFs with osteogenic features and marks tumor infiltrating immune populations enriched in immune suppressive markers.

A cryo-electron microscopy model of the active human apoptosome illuminates how this "wheel of death" binds the protease procaspase-9 to initiate programmed cell death.

RNA-binding proteins use both translational activation and repression of key molecular determinants to post-mitotically sculpt the identity and connectivity of developing mouse neocortex in an area-specific manner.