Population cortical recordings and computational network modeling support a novel mechanism underlying spontaneous UP-DOWN dynamics consisting on non-rhythmic transitions between a silent attractor and a low-rate inhibition-stabilized attractor.

Perceptual learning is specific because of the absence of bottom-up stimulation and top-down modulation at the untrained conditions.

RNA virus replication is attenuated by an intrinsic restriction mechanism after introducing CpG/UpA dinucleotides into both non-translated and coding regions of viral genomes, which may be exploited in the design of attenuated virus vaccines.

Scale-up of safe water supplies decreases a child's risk of urogenital schistosomiasis infection by eight-fold in a typical rural African population.

Attenuating candidate live virus vaccines by incorporating unfavoured codon pairs to reduce translation efficiency is actually mediated though changes in frequencies of CpG and UpA dinucleotides, which make viruses more visible to the innate immune system.

The crystal structure of Pur-alpha in complex with DNA reveals its molecular mechanisms of nucleic-acid binding and unwinding, allowing for a better understanding of its essential role in neurons.

A computational model reveals how response properties of category-selective regions in the visual cortex reflect both bottom-up stimulus-driven signals and top-down attentional signals from the parietal cortex.

SUMOylation regulates mitochondrial UPR signaling through modulation of transcription factors DVE-1 and ATFS-1.

Neural activity in the visual system is increased in different layers of the neocortex for bottom-up and top-down modulations.