A new morphological structure evolved through extreme changes in cell height requires novel connections to an extracellular matrix network, which predates the origin of structure.

Genomes take advantage of the gene-duplicating ability of retroelements to birth novel innate immune defense genes.

Robust fear learning deficits and decreased tonic activity of NAc cholinergic interneurons caused by depletion of MeCP2 could be attributed to an elevation in α2-containing GABA_A receptors.

Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum through the IP₃ receptor ion channel is strongly regulated by a calcium-binding protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Macrophage Bmal1 controls the timing of the glycolytic to oxidative metabolism transition that dictates the extent of Hif-1a activation and the associated inflammatory response.

Histone variant H2A.Z is deposited near transcription start sites by the chromatin remodeler SWR1 and seems to be removed by RNA polymerase II at an early stage of transcription elongation.

YAP and TAZ, potent concoproteins and therapeutic targets in cancer therapy, are essential for Schwann cells to support peripheral nerve regeneration.

Genetic analyses reveal that the loss of Lin28a causes axial shortening with mild skeletal transformations via decreased PRC1 at Hox genes, establishing a new pathway in the “Hox code.”.

20 emerging issues in bioengineering that will have profound impacts on society have been identified.

Fundamental details of the rate and molecular spectrum of transcript errors were revealed in four bacterial species, providing novel insights into transcriptional fidelity and RNA quality-control in prokaryotes.