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HIV co-infection does not affect Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutation rates and does not drive the emergence of antimicrobial resistance within patients in the largest outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latin America to date.

Electrophysiological and computational approaches show that superficial and deep cerebellar granule cells preferentially fire during low- and high-frequency inputs, respectively, enabling a Fourier-like transformation in the granule cell layer.

Dimensions for reinforcement learning reduced by dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components.

Discrete classes of cerebellar Purkinje neurons show distinct changes in synaptic and spiking activity during motor learning, with simple spikes playing a shifting role during acquisition, expression, and maintenance of learned responses.

The loss of Mecp2 results in cerebellar dysfunction that contributes to the motor deficits in Rett syndrome.

Purkinje cell inputs onto cerebellar nuclei (CbN) neurons have highly variable strengths, which allow them to influence CbN firing in a graded manner, with the largest individual inputs effectively regulating both the rate and spike timing of CbN neuron firing.

High-end technical approaches help to untangle the substructure and projection patterns of the cerebellum.

New studies examine how the different sub-structures in the cerebellum are organized to receive information during complex behavioral tasks.

Anatomical projections from sensory, motor, and association cortex to the cerebellum are precisely mapped, including cortical-precerebellar connections and terminal organization, providing insight into how the cerebellum may utilize cortical information.

Anatomical tracing and physiological recordings reveal neuronal pathways through which the cerebellum may influence hippocampal activity.