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Highly reproducible and efficient human primordial germ cell differentiation was achieved through geometric confinement, which enabled quantitative dissection of the cell signaling driving this differentiation, revealing a major role of Wnt signaling is indirect by inducing Nodal signaling.

The activin ligand myoglianin acts as a temporal extrinsic cue to regulate the intrinsic temporal factor Imp in mushroom body neuroblasts, increasing neuronal diversity by specifying the α’β’ fate.

Myostatin signaling governs neonatal longitudinal muscle growth and neuromuscular contractures in a sex-dependent manner, identifying a potential avenue for contracture treatment and underscoring the need to consider sex as a biological variable in the pathophysiology of acquired neuromuscular disorders.

Opposing gradients of activin A and follistatin within the spiral shaped mammalian cochlea instruct the graded pattern of mechano-sensory hair cell formation.

Novel human iPS cell derived and primary skeletal muscle stem cells show that abnormal ACVR1 activation increases osteogenic/ECM gene expression and impairs myofiber repair, while revealing muscle-specific regenerative properties.

TGFβ family members instruct a cell fate decision downstream of stochastic signaling in the Drosophila retina to ensure correct pairing between different color photoreceptors for color vision.

Embryo-derived TNF promotes CPLA_2α phosphorylation and arachidonic acid release from luminal epithelium to induce fibroblast activation and decidualization.

A Drosophila myostatin-like factor provides an extrinsic signal produced by muscles that regulates Drosophila appendage development.

Daily palovarotene treatment reduces pathogenic expansion of fibro/adipogenic progenitors but results in long bone growth plate loss and overgrowths of synovial cartilage in juvenile mice.

Muscle hypertrophy and regeneration are critically regulated by combination of TGF-β type I receptors in myofibres.