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A phase transition of TIR-1/SARM1 induced by either pathogen or non-pathogen stress potentiates its intrinsic NADase activity, which activates the p38 PMK-1 signaling cascade to induce protective immune defenses in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal epithelial cells.

The new whale shark genome assembly represents the best gapless chondrichthyan genome assembly yet, and comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate genome origins, immunity, and gigantism.

Despite the virus' error prone polymerase, influenza virus antigenic evolution is rare, even in previously immune hosts, virus replication occurs before producing new antibodies.

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells, an emerging member of the innate-like T cells abundant in humans bridging the innate and the adaptive immunity, could be exploited as a novel tool for cancer immunotherapy through cell reprogramming.

SARS-CoV-2 experienced ocrelizumab-treated MS patients benefit from SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination by inducing broadprotective CD8+ T-cells, whereas methotrexate-treated RA patients induce delayed but strong antibody responses, which support vaccine strategies for these patient groups.

Immune dysregulation is thought to be a hallmark of long COVID or PASC but there is a need for understanding the underlying mechanisms which drive the disease progression.

Malaria remodels the spleen to imprint tolerance and reduce pathology in subsequent infections.

Horizontal transfer of a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain allows a virus to destroy its subviral parasite and overcome parasite-mediated restriction.

Prokaryotic TRADD-N and Death-like adaptor domains in diverse predicted apoptosis and immune systems from multicellular prokaryotes and metazoans indicate the common origin of key apoptosis mechanisms required for the stabilization of multicellularity.

The tetrameric structure of a casposase bound to DNA and its biochemical properties show how a transposase could have evolved to perform CRISPR-Cas spacer acquisition.