A genome-wide catalog of the regulatory effects of variants that separate modern humans from archaic humans.

A previously unrecognized group of metalloenzymes enables human gut microbes to metabolize dietary molecules and neurotransmitters and likely mediates interactions and metabolism among environmental microorganisms.

Attention-grabbing tasks produce rapid opioid-mediated analgesia via the descending pain modulation network to alter spinal neuronal activity.

Promoting a Warburg-like shift in astrocytic metabolism through reduced mitochondrial electron transport accommodates the energetic burden caused by brain trauma without overwhelming cellular respiration and redox to salvage dopaminergic neurons.

New reconstruction methods are used to create a publicly available dense reconstruction of the neurons and chemical synapses of central brain of Drosophila, with analysis of its graph properties.

Orthologous proteins display different mutational robustness that can be leveraged to improve prediction of functional sequences.

In an empty microglial niche, repopulating microglia arise from subventricular zone and white matter-associated areas without contributions from the bone marrow to fill the mouse brain via a spreading wave.

Sarcomeres in heart muscle cells come from stress fiber-like structures that are mechanistically distinct from stress fibers in non-muscle cells.

New hybrid structure determination methods leveraging the inherent biophysical properties of a macromolecule through molecular dynamics simulations provide accurate and cost-efficient ways of achieving atomic structures from high resolution cryo-electron density maps.

Habit-based theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder are further elucidated by employing mobile phone motor sequence training, for which patients exhibited equivalent automatization, but enhanced value for the trained sequence, potentially ameliorating symptoms.