The scavenger receptor MARCO and liver phagocytes are required for clearance of circulating alphavirus particles and thereby limit viremia and viral dissemination.

KHNYN, a putative endoribonuclease, interacts with the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and is required for the inhibition of HIV replication and RNA abundance by CpG dinucleotides.

Host restriction factors that block cross-species transmission also play a role in limiting the replication of highly-adapted HIV-1 in IFN-stimulated cells.

The Zika virus subgenomic flaviviral RNA binds to and inhibits the fragile X mental retardation protein, a novel Zika virus restriction factor.

Evolutionary innovation and turnover in the IFIT1 antiviral gene family has led to diverse repertoires of antiviral specificity across mammals.

Hantavirus spikes are related laterally by 2-fold Gc contacts that can be disulfide-linked and display a temperature-dependent dynamic behavior at neutral pH, exposing and masking the Gc fusion loops.

An experimental approach allowing characterization of viral RNA ligands recognized by RIG-I-like receptors during infection by any RNA viruses is established and validated.

The ES6S region of the small subunit ribosome makes a place for the threading and secondary structure unwinding of mRNA, which regulates genome-wide translation.

Infection of human cells by influenza A virus induces changes in the alternative splicing of host genes that, in turn, promote viral replication.

A conceptual and unifying framework with a critical appraisal of lipid hijacking by microbes cycling between an arthropod vector and a mammalian host is explored.