Pre-hematopoietic stem cells emerge from the aortic floor according to two radically different morphodynamics whose biomechanics rely on controlling apicobasal polarity in hemogenic precursors, which may impact on their fate.
The long-term retention of extinction is enhanced by ontogenetic stimulation of locus coeruleus neurons applied during extinction of a reward-seeking response, further implicating noradrenaline in appetitive extinction.
A new fossil sheds light on the evolution of an aquatic lifestyle in extinct reptiles and supports a close phylogenetic relationship between archosaurs (crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds, and kin) and turtles.
Alexandre P Thiery, Ailin Leticia Buzzi ... Andrea Streit
Neural plate border cells co-express neural, neural crest, and placodal transcriptional programs before cell fate decisions occur and are transcriptionally heterogeneous along the antero-posterior and medial-lateral axis.
Specific glutamylation of some α-tubulin isotypes affects kinesin-1 localization and transport processes that depend on it, but their absence can speed up transport, possibly explaining why some large cells express α-tubulin isotypes that are not glutamylated.
Cost–benefit integration between the desirability of the expected reward and the imposed delay to delivery is supported by STN signals that dynamically combined both reward-related attributes to form a single integrated value estimate along an antero-posterior axis in this nucleus.
