Different Purkinje cell subpopulations show distinct developmental profiles of physiological activity, climbing fiber inputs and axonal and dendritic morphology, matching different timelines of cerebellum-dependent behaviors.

The collective action of six transcription factors selects and activates the regulatory regions of the HSN serotonergic neuron effector genes constituting a signature that can be used for the novo identification of HSN expressed genes.

The long-term retention of extinction is enhanced by ontogenetic stimulation of locus coeruleus neurons applied during extinction of a reward-seeking response, further implicating noradrenaline in appetitive extinction.

The hunchback transcription features are compatible with an equilibrium model with a short decay length Bicoid activity gradient as the sole source of positional information, while Zelda and Hunchback speed-up the process by different means.

A periosteal Bmp2 signaling center couples bone length to bone width during development and must be reactivated by clinical bone anabolic therapies to reduce fracture risk and accelerate fracture repair.

The PreBötzinger complex, which contains neurons that are the kernel for inspiratory rhythm generation, also contains sympathoexcitatory and parasympathoinhibitory neurons that drive respiratory-phase oscillations in blood pressure and heart rate.

Disrupting synapse formation between the retina and the brain in zebrafish larvae-by eliminating the molecular motor Kif5A-triggers a compensatory increase in the branching of retinal axons aimed at restoring synapse number.

Embryonic PI3K-Yap activity regulates apical adhesion and proliferation of neural progenitors lining the lateral ventricular surface, to maintain the smooth, non-folded mouse brain and to prevent developmental hydrocephalus.