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Parallel horizontal gene transfer has spread a bacteriolytic gene family to all domains of life, and has bestowed a niche-transcending adaptation in recipients that must deploy antibacterial molecules to survive in a bacterial world.

Modulation of cytoplasmic lipopolysaccharide levels sensitises bacteria to polymyxin antibiotics, revealing a novel combination therapeutic approach.

Thousands of small Open Reading Frames are translated, and form two distinct classes based on their translational efficiency and bioinformatic indicators.

A respiratory tissue-associated commensal Lactobacillus strain confers colonization resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae, when applied therapeutically in a post influenza virus super-infection model.

Herpes simplex virus evades the immune response by inhibiting the TAP transporter with a peptide inhibitor ICP47 that has an extensive interface at the peptide translocation cavity and locks the transporter in an inactive state.

Ensemble cryo-EM visualizes how structural rearrangements poise the newly made protein and release factor RF2 to dissociate in preparation for ribosome recycling.

Diverse LXG toxins delivered by the Esx pathway function as mediators of contact-dependent interbacterial antagonism within and between Gram-positive bacterial species.

New insight into non-bactericidal cathelicidin against bacterial infection.

The N-terminal domain of Staphylococcus aureus GpsB, a scaffolding protein, forms an atypical asymmetric dimer and binds to the C-termini of FtsZ and PBP4, influencing the localization and regulation of both the Z-ring and cell wall synthesis.