A data-driven within-host model reveals that different antibiotics are associated with divergent effects on antibiotic resistance carriage and abundance in hospitalised patients, with important implications for antibiotic stewardship.

Population-level antibiotic resistance correlates with the breadth of antibiotic use, that is, the proportion of people taking an antibiotic, better than with intensity of use the amount of use among users.

Drug-resistance declines in the laboratory in an antibiotic stress-free environment, indicating that restricting antimicrobial usage in the clinics could be a useful policy.

Cholestyramine, an FDA-approved bile acid sequestrant, can be repurposed to inactivate the antibiotic daptomycin in the gut, which prevents the emergence of transmissible antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal Enterococcus faecium populations.

Mutations in several components of a bacterial ribosome are shown to broadly decrease antibiotic and stress sensitivity, and readily accessible reversion mutations allow these ribosomal mutations to serve as stepping stones to high level antibiotic resistance.

Killing their neighbors allows bacteria to steal genes, including antibiotic resistance genes, which we observed under a microscope, quantified, modeled, and predicted potentially guiding strategies to combat it.

Bacteria growing in biofilms evolve antimicrobial resistance via different pathways and generate greater genetic diversity than well-mixed populations, selecting fitter but less resistant genotypes.

Selection imposed by antibiotics may dominate evolutionary forces acting on opportunistic pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii, yet chance effects and a prior history in biofilm may constrain resistance and impose collateral sensitivities.

Collapse of bacterial communities containing antibiotic-resistant and susceptible cells can be driven by increased population size or delayed drug exposure.

Patterns of antibiotic use and the connectivity between wards are independently associated with the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant infections in hospital networks.