New archaeobotanical data from Negev Highland rubbish middens demonstrate that crop diversity in the Southern Levant expanded more during the first millennium CE than in any earlier period, yet with minimal consequences for consumption and production patterns.

Traces of crawling locomotion, including children younger than 3 years old, are documented for the first time in the global human ichnological record.

After domestication, the cultivation range expansion of crops was not solely dictated by human activity but instead constrained by climatic factors, which in turn resulted in distinct phenotypic characteristics of locally adaptive landraces.