A neural circuit that can selectively induce sleep-like patterns in small regions of the brain demonstrates how sleep and arousal states may be controlled in local brain regions.
Sleep-related hemodynamic signals are much larger than those in the awake brain, so it is crucial to monitor the arousal state during studies of spontaneous activity.
The momentary levels of local cortical desynchronization and pupil-linked arousal pose dissociable influences not only on the processing of sensory information but also on human perceptual performance.
Changes in physiological arousal – as revealed by pupil dilation and heart rate – shape our confidence in decisions about uncertain perceptual information.
Variations in the frequency of theta brain waves enable a single network of brain regions to generate appropriate responses to stimuli with different kinds of emotional value.
Marmoset monkeys develop their vocal behavior prior to their postural and locomotor skills, but the coordination of these two motor systems emerges gradually via changes in arousal level.
Central thalamus relay neurons dynamically switch the activity of cortical and subcortical networks at distinct frequencies, providing a mechanism for this region's role in arousal regulation.
The balance between sleep and sex drives determines whether male flies sleep or court, and a subset of octopaminergic neurons interact with the Fruitless-expressing courtship circuit to suppress sleep for sustained courtship.
