Genomic evidence suggests that L-gulonolactone oxidase-the terminal enzyme in vitamin C synthesis, which has been repeatedly lost throughout animal evolution-was lost in plants and other photosynthetic eukaryotes following plastid acquisition.

A high axonal chloride concentration explains why activation of light-gated chloride channels causes neurotransmitter release, and a novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif ameliorates this phenomenon and improves their inhibitory function.

Mice that lack the autism- and schizophrenia-linked gene MEF2C in cortical neurons have an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and impaired social and cognitive abilities.

Molecular signals from chloroplasts can synergistically interact with the plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), to regulate non-canonical signaling pathways mediating fundamental cellular processes including stomatal closure, seed dormancy and germination.

Rats exposed to a single stressful event experience days-long constitutive activation of the kappa opioid receptor at inhibitory synapses in part of the brain’s reward system, which increases their drug-seeking behavior.

Structural studies reveal the mechanism by which a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase carries out E2-to-E3-to-substrate ubiquitin transfer and prioritizes target lysines for ubiquitination.

The structure of the photosystem I (PSI) complex from Synechocystis is determined, and reaction center subunits engineered to resemble a viral PSI are found to promote promiscuous electron acceptor properties.

Building on previous work (Nogueira et al., 2014), we describe a mechanism for the generation of a mega-carrier for the export of bulky procollagen from the endoplasmic reticulum.

The molecular microenvironment of coronaviral replicase complexes provides functional and spatial links between conserved cellular processes and viral RNA synthesis, and highlights potential targets for the development of novel antivirals.