Rod-shaped bacteria preserve their aspect ratios and surface-to-volume scaling by maintaining a homeostatic balance between the rates of cell elongation and division protein synthesis.

The neurotransmitter serotonin helps to co-ordinate the respiratory and cardiovascular responses of newborns to oxygen deprivation.

Advances in techniques for analysing single cells and tissues have inspired an international effort to create comprehensive reference maps of all human cells - the fundamental units of life - as a basis for both understanding human health and diagnosing, monitoring and treating disease.

The organization of layered/laminated axon projections in specific regions of the fruitfly central brain is regulated by short-range repulsive guidance and is critical for local inhibitory circuit formation and function.

The endosymbiosis between an alga and the spotted salamander shows several parallels to invertebrate-algal symbioses as well as to pathogen associations in vertebrate animals.

The development of diet-dependent obesity results in the deterioration of calcium homeostasis in pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons and impaired function of the same neurons.

Dysfunction of pyramidal neuron-PV interneuron circuits contributes to cognitive failure in Alzheimer's disease.

EPO/JAK2/PKA signaling cascade via AKAP10 relocalization to the outer mitochondrial membrane results in the phosphorylation of the terminal heme synthesis enzyme ferrochelatase, which contributes to heme production in red cells.

A tumor-specific regulatory region has been identified upstream of the Myc oncogene.

Full length RTN3 homodimerization mediates ER tubules fragmentation and their subsequent delivery to lysosome.