Dopamine signals in the ventral, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral striatum are modulated by various variables, such as stimulus-associated value, choice, confidence, but these modulations can be inclusively explained by TD errors.

A spiking network model that examines the transformation of odor information from olfactory bulb to piriform cortex demonstrates how intrinsic cortical circuitry preserves representations of odor identity across odorant concentrations.

Dual site recordings of mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex reveal near 0-ms lag between the head direction representations of the two regions after cue rotations and correlated drift in darkness.

Single unit recordings in monkeys and biophysical modelling demonstrate that local inhibitory-controlled metastable neural states specify the temporal organization of cognitive functions in frontal areas.

Interhemispheric inhibition can be manipulated by directly and bidirectionally modulating the bilateral sensorimotor excitabilities in a spatially bivariate Brain-Computer Interface-based neurofeedback paradigm.

Cation-independent-mannose-6-phosphate-receptor, or insulin-like-growth-factor-2-receptor (CIM6P/IGF2R) expressed in the hippocampus controls the protein metabolism regulated by learning and required for memory consolidation, and is also a key mechanism for memory enhancement.

A large interneuron in the Drosophila mushroom body has compartmentalized activity, which causes localized inhibition and predicts that Kenyon cells inhibit themselves more than they inhibit other individual Kenyon cells.

Neuronal serotonin release tunes transcription response times of Caenorhabditis elegans germ cells to promote the survival and stress resistance of future offspring.

A new automated system for recording and analyzing neural activity in behaving animals over months-long time-scales offers new perspectives on how neural circuits underlie processes such as learning, development, and recovery from brain injury.