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Human brain has incorporated natural statistics of spatial cues to the neural code supporting perception of sound location.

Principal neurons of the brainstem nucleus comparing sound level at the two ears do not have the slow response properties previously attributed to them, but are instead specialized for fast weighing of excitation and inhibition.

The voltage-gated sodium channel Na_v1.1 is identified as an essential component of the proprioceptive transmission machinery that is required in vivo for normal motor behavior.

Cortices from 11 primate species share the same archetypal fractal shape, indicating a universal mechanism for primate and mammalian cortical folding, and suggesting novel shape biomarkers for brains.

Shh, produced by postmitotic spinal neurons, plays crucial roles in the specification of the lateral motor column of the spinal cord through ARHGAP36.

Signaling specifically in cilia by a cAMP generating G-protein-coupled receptor directs tissue-specific morphogenesis.

The effects of chloride homeostasis can explain diverse responses of basal ganglia output neurons to putatively inhibitory inputs and may tune these neurons' synchrony, oscillations and behavior in decision-making scenarios.

Molecular genetic, cell culture as well as electrophysiological analyses reveal a C1ql2/Neurexin3(25b+)-dependent molecular pathway through which Bcl11b controls critical functions of adult hippocampal mossy fiber synapses.

The location of neurons responsible for increasing the breathing rate upon detecting elevated levels of CO₂ in the blood has been pinpointed to the retrotrapezoid nucleus in the brainstem.