Induction of the fission of mitochondria-populating sensory axons is shown to be a novel biological action of neurotrophins.

Cell-specific architectural properties such as the axon diameter of the white matter of the human brain can be quantified accurately and non-invasively using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Neurotrophin deprivation leads to rapid caspase-independent disassembly of the actin-spectrin-based membrane skeleton and spectrin-dependent retrograde signaling in axon degeneration.

The elongation rate of RNA Polymerase II varies greatly between and along genes, as this enzyme accelerates from stable pausing to rapid elongation within genes, and is influenced by CG-content, exons and chromatin.

The Roundabout2 receptor acts non-autonomously to promote commissural axons to cross the midline by antagonizing Slit-dependent axon repulsion.

Alternative splicing of the Dcc gene, which is controlled by the NOVA RNA-binding proteins, is crucial during neuronal migration and axon guidance.

The AKT-GSK3β-eIF2Bε signaling module plays a key role in promoting axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system.

In C. elegans and mouse neurons, the balance between poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases regulates axon regeneration downstream of DLK-1/MAPKKK signaling.

The kinase AKT acts as a nodal point that coordinates both positive and negative cues to regulate the regeneration of central nervous system axons in adult mice.

Super-resolution imaging reveals how the skeleton that supports the outer membrane of axons is assembled during development, and provides an explanation for why this structure preferentially forms in axons but rarely in dendrites.