Bacteria can exhibit herd immunity protection against phages, which may play a significant role in their ecology and evolution.

Resident members of natural bacterial communities limit the growth of non-resident bacteria primarily by increasing overall community growth.

New cryoEM structures reveal how small bacteriophage proteins suppress bacterial immunity.

scRNA-seq identified CXCR4^high MKs can funtionally regulate host-defense immune response against bacterial infection.

Prokaryotic TRADD-N and Death-like adaptor domains in diverse predicted apoptosis and immune systems from multicellular prokaryotes and metazoans indicate the common origin of key apoptosis mechanisms required for the stabilization of multicellularity.

Arabidopsis lysozyme LYS1 generates soluble peptidoglycan fragments to mediate pattern-triggered immunity.

Experiments in ex-germ-free mice establish a measurable effect of colonization history on gut microbiota assembly, illuminating a potential cause for the high levels of unexplained individuality in host-associated microbial communities.

Cells must acquire multiple viral spacer sequences to neutralize mutant escaper phages and form colonies during the CRISPR-Cas immune response.

Histones bound to lipid droplets inside cells offer protection against bacteria in flies, and possibly mice, thus suggesting a possible new innate immunity pathway.

Life is constrained in its sampling of protein sequence space to catalyze one of the most energetically challenging biochemical reactions.