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Rats are slower to initiate actions when these actions may need to be cancelled, and this slowing is associated with increased and more variable neural firing in the substantia nigra pars reticulata.

Building on previous work (Doroquez et al., 2014), it is shown that the centriole core of the basal body degenerates, but the outer wall remodels to template the ciliary axoneme in a subset of C. elegans ciliated sensory neurons.

In neurons, inhibition of the proteasome results in feedback inhibition of protein synthesis, mediated by heme-regulated kinase 1, which is optimized to act as both a sensor and an effector.

Hierarchical information flow in a cortico-limbic loop between the insular cortex, central amygdala and the cholinergic basal forebrain links bodily states with environmental stimuli to guide fear and reward behavior.

The employment of xenopsin in ciliary and mixed microvillar/ciliary eye sensory cells in several protostome animals suggests high evolutionary plasticity of photoreceptors.

Computational modeling suggests that feedback between striatal cholinergic neurons and spiny neurons dynamically adjusts learning rates to optimize behavior in a variable world.

Acidification and salt, which are two major stresses caused by environmental changes, swiftly and drastically alter the microtubule system in green algae and likely many other organisms.

Primary-cilia-mediated processing of the Gli3 transcription factor enables the formation of subtypes of projection neurons in appropriate numbers during the development of the cerebral cortex.

An insect-like mushroom body in one group of crustaceans, the mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda), suggests either an ancient origin of this center and its reduction and loss in other crustaceans, or an extraordinary example of convergent evolution with the insect mushroom body.

Isotonic treatment limits keratinocyte movement, spatially restricts reactive oxygen species production, and rescues sensory neuron function after thermal injury.