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Uracil/adenine base pairs in HIV-1 DNA are attacked by the uracil base excision repair machinery in macrophages, which leads to HIV restriction and viral genome diversification by transcription-associated mutagenesis.

In the microbe Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a disassembly rate which depends on flagellar length provides an effective method to regulate the length of its two flagella.

Both the frequency of sesquiterpene-emitting individuals and the defense capacity of individual plants determine the consequences of sesquiterpene volatile emission for individuals and their neighbors in populations of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata.

The short lifetime of orphan genes is a major factor explaining the stability of gene number in Drosophila.

Adenine and cytosine base editing of highly homologous HBG proximal promoter identifies novel target sites that result in adult to fetal globin switching without causing 4.9 kb large deletions.

Archaeal histones compact DNA into nucleosome-like particles of varying sizes that contort sporadically and reorient DNA wrapping.

Shifting from girls-only to gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategy improves the resilience of cervical cancer prevention and enhances progress towards cervical cancer elimination.

A near-complete flux balance analysis model of a minimal cell demonstrates the high essentiality of its metabolic genes, agrees well with experimental essentiality data and suggests some further gene removals.

Biochemical analyses of transcription complexes, including kinetic studies and probes of translocational and conformational states, establish the elemental mechanism of pausing, which underlies regulation of gene expression in all organisms.

The yeast U1 snRNP recognizes multiple features of target RNAs to reversibly identify splicing-competent 5' splice sites.