Recordings from serotonin-producing neurons in the brain reveal that these neurons are highly activated by sudden changes in previously familiar environments, potentially explaining why serotonin is important for learning to adapt to such changes.

Animals can thrive alongside humans by being expert judges of risk.

Representation of goals in the forms previously reported in the PFC is not required for performance of a novel spatial working memory task where goal information must be used flexibly.

An automated touchscreen cognitive testing system for rats reduces the length of training required to learn tasks, making it possible to assess cognitive profiles in adolescent animals to more appropriately capture cognitive deficits in adolescent pathologies, such as anorexia nervosa.

A comparison between hierarchical and flat models of decision-making refutes flat models because they lack flexibility and are not supported by behavioral and neural data.

Training enables adult humans to rapidly adapt their sound localization abilities to unilateral hearing loss by combining different strategies that rely on partially distinct neurophysiological substrates.

Learning in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was achieved by fundamentally different cognitive and neural mechanisms from typically developing children, and insistence on sameness, a core symptom of ASD, contributed to such atypical mechanisms of learning in affected children.

Alcohol modifies dopaminergic microcircuits required for acquisition and expression of sensory memories in Drosophila resulting in a shift in behavioral response from malleable to inflexible.

Constitutive deficiency of AP2γ transcription factor impairs hippocampal glutamatergic neurogenesis and induces alterations on limbic-cortical connectivity that contribute to anxiety-like behavior and cumulative memory deficits in mice from juvenile to adult periods.