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    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Light-based tuning of ligand half-life supports kinetic proofreading model of T cell signaling

    Doug K Tischer, Orion David Weiner
    Direct control of ligand binding half-life with light shows that lifetime strongly affects T cell signaling.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Neuroscience

    Control of AMPA receptor activity by the extracellular loops of auxiliary proteins

    Irene Riva et al.
    Glutamate receptor auxiliary proteins exert their effects on receptor gating through two divergent extracellular loops, explaining subunit specificity and allowing the construction of null versions that form complexes normally but do not modify receptor gating.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Role of framework mutations and antibody flexibility in the evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies

    Victor Ovchinnikov et al.
    Computer simulations of the evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV suggest that non-traditional pathways involving framework mutations which lead initially to increased antibody flexibility do occur, but can be avoided by appropriate vaccine design.
    1. Ecology

    Transcriptome analysis illuminates the nature of the intracellular interaction in a vertebrate-algal symbiosis

    John A Burns et al.
    The endosymbiosis between an alga and the spotted salamander shows several parallels to invertebrate-algal symbioses as well as to pathogen associations in vertebrate animals.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Affinity and dose of TCR engagement yield proportional enhancer and gene activity in CD4+ T cells

    Karmel A Allison et al.
    Pre-existing enhancers interpret T cell signaling strength in an analogue manner to direct quantitative changes in gene expression within the context of an overall digital response.
    1. Neuroscience

    Microbiota-driven transcriptional changes in prefrontal cortex override genetic differences in social behavior

    Mar Gacias et al.
    Gut microbiota can influence mPFC transcriptional profiles and myelin content, overriding the impact of genetic background in the development of social avoidance behavior.
    1. Neuroscience

    Supramammillary nucleus synchronizes with dentate gyrus to regulate spatial memory retrieval through glutamate release

    Yadong Li et al.
    Multi-fiber photometry recording and circuit-based manipulation in vivo identify a long-range SuM-DG circuit linking two highly correlated subcortical regions to regulate spatial memory retrieval through SuM glutamate transmission.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Capturing change in clonal composition amongst single mouse germinal centers

    Daniel J Firl et al.
    Repeated interrogation of single germinal centers in vivo reveals a more fluid landscape than expected and unlocks new lines of investigation.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Calcium influx through CRAC channels controls actin organization and dynamics at the immune synapse

    Catherine A Hartzell et al.
    By restricting actin polymerization to the perimeter of the immune synapse and promoting depolymerization, calcium influx drives centripetal actin flow, which confines CRAC channels and the endoplasmic reticulum to the synapse center.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Rapid localized spread and immunologic containment define Herpes simplex virus-2 reactivation in the human genital tract

    Joshua T Schiffer et al.
    A combination of detailed sampling and mathematical modeling suggests that the response of immune cells to reactivation of herpes simplex virus 2 is extremely rapid and effective within microscopic areas of genital skin.
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