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    1. Neuroscience

    A large fraction of neocortical myelin ensheathes axons of local inhibitory neurons

    Kristina D Micheva, Dylan Wolman ... Davi D Bock
    Parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons in the cortex have insulating myelin sheathes, despite forming only short-range connections.
    1. Neuroscience

    Evoked transients of pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter reveal dopamine hot spots in the globus pallidus

    Jozsef Meszaros, Timothy Cheung ... David Sulzer
    Dopamine release within the mouse external globus pallidus, an area of very sparse innervation, is observed and described for the first time through a new technique: flashing false fluorescent neurotransmitters.
    1. Neuroscience

    Synaptic organization of the Drosophila antennal lobe and its regulation by the Teneurins

    Timothy J Mosca, Liqun Luo
    A comprehensive synapse-level analysis of a fly central-brain region has led to the identification of molecules that are necessary for mediating the normal density of connections.
    1. Neuroscience

    Tuning of motor outputs produced by spinal stimulation during voluntary control of torque directions in monkeys

    Miki Kaneshige, Kei Obara ... Yukio Nishimura
    Spinal stimulation at balanced currents of excitation and inhibition boosts voluntarily produced torque production.
    1. Neuroscience

    7-Dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterols cause neurogenic defects in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

    Hideaki Tomita, Kelly M Hines ... Libin Xu
    A 7-dehydrocholesterol-derived oxysterol in SLOS was found to profoundly impact neurogenesis during cortical development by interacting with glucocorticoid receptor, which points to new therapeutic approaches for SLOS by targeting the activities of this oxysterol.
    1. Ecology

    Naked mole-rat mortality rates defy Gompertzian laws by not increasing with age

    J Graham Ruby, Megan Smith, Rochelle Buffenstein
    Unlike all other mammals studied to date, the age-specific risk of mortality for naked mole-rats did not increase over decades of life, identifying this species as a non-aging mammal.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    The cis-regulatory effects of modern human-specific variants

    Carly V Weiss, Lana Harshman ... David Gokhman
    A genome-wide catalog of the regulatory effects of variants that separate modern humans from archaic humans.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Tuning the speed-accuracy trade-off to maximize reward rate in multisensory decision-making

    Jan Drugowitsch, Gregory C DeAngelis ... Alexandre Pouget
    Building on previous work (Drugowitsch et al., 2014), it is shown that decision-makers adjust their speed-accuracy trade-off flexibly from one moment to the next, based on evidence available from multiple sensory modalities, in order to nearly maximize their reward rate.
    1. Neuroscience

    Electric field causes volumetric changes in the human brain

    Miklos Argyelan, Leif Oltedal ... Christopher Abbott
    The electroconvulsive therapy induced electric field magnitude and laterality is related to volumetric increases in cortical and subcortical structures, but the association with clinical outcomes remains elusive.
    1. Neuroscience

    Human complex exploration strategies are enriched by noradrenaline-modulated heuristics

    Magda Dubois, Johanna Habicht ... Tobias U Hauser
    Humans supplement complex, resource-demanding strategies with simple heuristics for solving the exploration-exploitation dilemma, and noradrenaline functioning controls their utilisation.