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The parabrachial nucleus-thalamic paraventricular nucleus pathway is critical for modulating affective states in mice.

Intracranial recordings of human brain activity during awakening from general anesthesia exhibit a brief brain state not seen during loss of consciousness, in which stimuli elicit large electrophysiological responses that resemble those seen in sleep.

A single taste input, acetic acid, elicits opposing behavioral outputs depending on a fly's hunger state.

Dynamic calcium activity in the hippocampus changes markedly across behavioral and physiological states and depends on muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation.

Individual social behavior results from the interaction between the individuals own oxytocin receptor genotype and the oxytocin receptor genotypes of other individuals present in its social environment.

Optogenetically activated individual descending neurons in Drosophila melanogaster drive varied stereotyped motor patterns that are often influenced by the animal's initial behavioral state.

A novel animal model of economic decision-making captures complex patterns of choice behavior similar to those of humans, opening the way for mechanistic studies to probe the neural basis for this important form of executive function.

Sensory neurons that monitor ambient oxygen control a cascade of responses across multiple layers of interneurons to switch the global state of the nematode C. elegans, reprogramming behavior and gene expression to enable escape from or adaptation to surface exposure.

A mathematical model built around the assumption that the desire to maintain internal homeostasis drives the behavior of animals, by affecting their learning processes, can explain many real-world behaviors, including some that might otherwise appear irrational.