In light of the mysteries underlying the biphonic nature of Tuvan throat song, information from multiple modalities is combined to explain how this remarkable phenomenon is achieved biomechanically.

MRI experiments have revealed how throat singers from Tuva produce their characteristic sound.

Genetic studies in mice reveal the molecular and embryological mechanisms of vocal fold development and function, thereby informing our understanding of vocal communication and congenital voice defects.

Brain activity patterns in motor cortex differ when we listen to speech as opposed to produce it.