The first survey of the complete morphologies of nerve endings in the skin of mice has revealed enormous structural diversity.

Changing the order in which presynaptic and postsynaptic cells are repeatedly activated can change what a mammalian visual cortex neuron communicates to downstream neurons.

Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

Exposing rats to acute stress increased the generation of new neurons in a subregion of the hippocampus, and improved the animals' performance in a memory task two weeks later.

A compound that prevents stressors such as UV light and viral infection from downregulating protein synthesis inside cells improves memory performance in mice.

Hypothemycin, which inhibits a number of protein kinases, kills the T. brucei parasites that cause sleeping sickness and reveals new therapeutic targets for the disorder.

Nutrient limitation elicits differential responses in cells lacking the tumor suppressor PTEN and in normal cells, resulting in hyperplastic overgrowth of PTEN mutant tissue independent of additional mutations.

A long non-coding RNA regulates the expression of genes that encode proteins involved in the inflammatory response.

The proteins Bax and Bak, which increase the permeability of the mitochondrial membrane during apoptosis, are also crucial for generating a mitochondrial membrane pore that is specifically involved in necrosis.