A CO₂ receptor and a mechanism for the CO₂-mediated opening of gap junction hemichannels have been identified.

Apoptotic cells release molecules to recruit macrophages, but do not cause inflammation because they also secrete AMP that functions as a ‘calm down’ signal.

Functional synaptic organization in the cerebellar cortex is stereotyped and associates distant modules through parallel fibers.

Basal ganglia output neurons use the NALCN leak channel to maintain their characteristic tonic firing, and this channel is important for the modulation of firing by metabolic or receptor-mediated signals.

Novel brainstem organotypic cultures that generate rhythmic respiratory motor activity reveal the neural networks that control breathing and a new pathway in the hypercapnic response.

Motoneuron activity provides feedback to the spinal network responsible for generating locomotion in the developing mouse spinal cord.

Pericytes surrounding capillaries in the retina contain α-smooth muscle actin, demonstrating that pericytes have the necessary molecular machinery to change capillary diameter during neurovascular coupling.

Optogenetic activation reveals a larger role for the fly brain 'sleep switch' neurons in controlling both waking and sleeping behavioral responsiveness, partly via a parallel channel involving innexin6 electrical synapses.

Bone cells exposed to physiological forces release ATP through repairable membrane injury, generating an intercellular signal that conveys the destructive potential of forces and the adaptive capacity of endangered cells.

Spinal Shox2 interneurons are strongly interconnected by gap junctional coupling in a function-specific manner, which provides a mechanism for synchronization of rhythm-generating neurons and may contribute to locomotor rhythmicity.