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Novel brainstem organotypic cultures that generate rhythmic respiratory motor activity reveal the neural networks that control breathing and a new pathway in the hypercapnic response.

Bone cells exposed to physiological forces release ATP through repairable membrane injury, generating an intercellular signal that conveys the destructive potential of forces and the adaptive capacity of endangered cells.

Basal ganglia output neurons use the NALCN leak channel to maintain their characteristic tonic firing, and this channel is important for the modulation of firing by metabolic or receptor-mediated signals.

Dimensions for reinforcement learning reduced by dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components.

Calcium imaging reveals spatiotemporal properties of correlated spontaneous activity in the embryonic retina and implicates a role for electrical and chemical synapses in generating the activity.

Mitochondrial Cx43 hemichannels regulate ATP generation by mediating K+, H+, and ATP transfer across the mitochondrial inner membrane and the interaction with mitochondrial ATP synthase, contributing to maintenance of mitochondrial redox and cell protection under oxidative stress.

A comprehensive analysis questioned the prevailing views of Src-mediated hPANX1 phosphorylation at Tyr199 and Tyr309.

Purified Pannexin 1 channels activated by caspase cleavage in proteoliposomes reconstitute a permeation pathway for intercellular signaling molecules important in inflammation and cell clearance.

Fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons generate slow spillover-mediated GABAergic transmission to young adult-born and neighboring mature neurons of the dentate gyrus.

Functional synaptic organization in the cerebellar cortex is stereotyped and associates distant modules through parallel fibers.