Sequence changes in the pneumococcal genome explain most of the variability in duration of asymptomatic carriage with serotype, antibiotic resistance and prophage accounting for the largest effects.

Being able to take up DNA from their environment might allow pneumococcal bacteria to colonize the human nose and throat for longer periods of time.

Ending the TB epidemic requires scaling up access to new TB tools so that they can benefit the patients in low- and middle-income countries that need them the most.

The proper development of the vocal cords requires embryos to contain a certain number of progenitor cells, and mutations that lead to an overflow of cells can cause malformations of the voice box.

MR1T cells are human polyclonal T cells endowed with diverse effector functions in response to endogenous antigens presented by MHC-class 1-related molecule, MR1.

A posttranslational regulatory mechanism for a Ras family small GTPase could open up new directions to understand and control the Ras family of proteins that are important for physiology and diseases.

Autosomal dominant IRF4 deficiency is the first genetic etiology of Whipple's disease, a very rare chronic condition following a rather common infection by Tropheryma whipplei.

The helical rod structure and dynamic spring-like properties of the type 1 pilus are evolutionarily fine-tuned for functioning in host-pathogen interactions during urinary tract infection and gut colonization.

Life-threatening S. aureus infections emerge from commensal nose bacteria in association with repeatable adaptive evolution.

The unfolded protein response sensor/transducer IRE1-mediated splicing of XBP1 mRNA encoding its active downstream transcription factor to maintain the homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum is sufficient for growth and development of medaka fish.