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The helical rod structure and dynamic spring-like properties of the type 1 pilus are evolutionarily fine-tuned for functioning in host-pathogen interactions during urinary tract infection and gut colonization.

The helical bacterium Helicobacter pylori patterns cell wall synthesis using two distinct cytoskeletal proteins, CcmA and MreB, to achieve its characteristic shape.

The peptidoglycan hydrolase activity of Enterococcus faecium secreted antigen A is crucial for cell wall remodeling during bacterial cell separation and generates muropeptides that stimulate host immunity to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-cancer therapy.

Spermidine-mediated superoxide generation affects iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli.

The spatial organization of pathogenic bacteria into microcolonies can be shaped by the stiffness of the substrate that they colonize, via modifications of the bacterial motility.

Coral symbiotic alga is capable of degrading the own cell wall components by cellulase-related enzymes and releasing sugars as a simple and autonomous environmental response, even when the host-derived signals are not present.

The density of the gut microbiota influences the host immune system and adiposity, and can be therapeutically manipulated.

A critical role for bacterial lytic transglycosylases in the clearance of novel, toxic cell wall turnover products that accumulate during vegetative growth is identified through genetic approaches and compositional analysis of solubilized peptidoglycan released from the bacterial cell wall.

To avoid recognition by the immune system, bacteria use autolysins to trim fragments of peptidoglycans that are exposed on the bacterial cell wall.

A single mutation in Escherichia coli connects two essential cell envelope assembly pathways and confers vancomycin resistance by displaying molecular decoys at the cell surface.