The mftG gene, present in the majority of mycofactocin gene clusters, encodes an oxidoreductase that facilitates ethanol utilization by reoxidation of mycofactocins and channeling electrons towards the respiratory chain.

Tgfbr1 signaling governs all processes associated with the trunk to tail transition, including the repositioning of neuro-mesodermal progenitors, as well as the remodeling of the lateral plate mesoderm and embryonic endoderm.