Despite no observed correlation between retrotransposon (RTE) activity and chronological age, the expression of most RTE classes and families except SINEs correlated with biological age-associated gene signature scores.

Circulating high-molecular-weight (cHMW) adiponectin levels increased with age until centenarians, and the contribution of known major factors associated with cHMW adiponectin levels including BMI varied with age, suggesting that its physiological significance also varies with age in the oldest old.

Lithocholic acid associates with skeletal muscle mass and plays an important role in skeletal muscle hypertrophy through activation of the bile acid receptor.

Skeletal muscle from world-class octogenarian athletes, representing a population with very high physical function in advanced age, exhibits greater mass and strength that is associated with overrepresentation of proteins involved in mitochondrial biology and more oxidatively competent muscle fibers.

Circulating cell-free DNA studies should control for participants' physical activity to avoid its confounding effect on total cell-free DNA level.

Inducible degradation of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor shows that a doubling in lifespan is possible even at extremely old ages in an organism.

Modulation of histone levels in gut enterocytes by rapamycin treatment alters chromatin organisation and induces intestinal autophagy through transcriptional regulation to prevent age-related decline in the intestine and extend lifespan.

Biological aging processes and age-related diseases demonstrate sexual dimorphism where complex interactions between underlying aging mechanisms and sex chromosomes and hormones are seen in humans and animals.

Adiponectin is an essential regulator for healthspan and is indispensable for sustaining a normal lifespan.

Genetic variants located in DNA repair genes and a reduced burden of somatic mutations protect the oldest living persons from age-related diseases, allowing an healthy aging phenotype.