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Glutamatergic–cholinergic neurons in the postinspiratory complex are critical for swallow motor patterning and the coordination of swallow and breathing, which is disrupted by chronic intermittent hypoxia, a condition seen in many disorders associated with dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia.

A computational model shows that it's possible to learn and replay extended temporal sequences in a network of spiking neurons with a modular architecture and a biologically realistic learning rule.

Genomics-based evidence support population- and sex-specific selection of an epistatic interaction between genetic variants in ADCY9 and CETP, genes of pharmacogenetic importance in cardiovascular diseases.

Neuropathic pain preserves mouse sleep in architecture and characteristic spectral bands but perturbs arousability in ways reminiscent of insomnia disorders, in which hyperarousal and hyperalertness to environmental stimuli are prevalent.

Mu and delta opioid receptors signal independently in hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons to regulate somato-dendritic excitability and synaptic transmission, with the delta opioid receptor dominating the response to enkephalin.

Transsynaptic mapping of the postsynaptic connections of mushroom body output neurons reveal both divergent and convergent projections allowing for multimodal integration prior to initiation of an output response.

Loss of nonstationary connectivity in a subcortical fronto-temporoparietal network distinguishes patients with minimal conscious state and unresponsive wakefulness state, strongly supporting the mesocircuit hypothesis.

Whole-brain activity imaging in larval zebrafish reveals brain regions that influence patterns of spontaneous movement to increase local exploration efficiency.

Representation of goals in the forms previously reported in the PFC is not required for performance of a novel spatial working memory task where goal information must be used flexibly.