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Light can be used to trigger the contraction of facial muscles and movement of the whiskers in transgenic mice, aiding the study of active sensation.

In a fast brainstem relay controlling hearing sensitivity, descending synaptic control from midbrain provides the dominant source of excitation, due to a distinct form of synaptic plasticity.

By differentially modulating the two major excitatory inputs to the striatum, mu- and delta-opioid receptors regulate the balance between thalamic and cortical inputs to the striatum.

Substrate-induced structural changes in GtACR1 provide new insight into the chemical mechanism of natural light-gated anion conductance and facilitate its optimization for photoinhibition of neuron firing in optogenetics.

Optogenetic and electrical low-frequency stimulation in the sclerotic hippocampus prevents the emergence of spontaneous focal and evoked generalized seizures in a mouse epilepsy model.

Respiratory alkalosis recruits the midline thalamus to provoke absence seizures.

Postnatal, postsynaptic loss of FMRP specifically weakens callosal synaptic inputs onto L2/3 pyramidal neurons, in requirement ofnormal sensory experience, through downregulating AMPA receptor transmission and without affecting local synaptic inputs during cortical circuit development.

Newly developed methods to genetically target cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons reveal unique caudorostrally extended projections and recurrent connections in the spinal motor circuitry to control locomotion in mice.

A computational model for the control of chemotaxis in the Drosophila larva clarifies the link between the peripheral encoding of naturalistic olfactory stimuli and action selection.