The interplay between the cytokine TGFβ and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway promotes CD8+ T cell anergy and tolerance towards transplanted tissues.

Tertiary folding of the Rev-response element (RRE) in HIV RNA ensures the rapid formation of the Rev-RRE viral ribonucleoprotein particle via a two-step process.

Visualization of the sliding clamp in DNA mismatch repair shows how a transient complex is activated.

SPIN1, a nucleolar protein, plays an oncogenic role by suppressing the tumor suppressor p53's function via regulation of the uL18-MDM2-p53 pathway.

In Drosophila melanogaster, nutrition controls body size by acting through the Forkhead Box class O (FoxO)/Ultraspiracle complex to regulate nutrition-sensitive ecdysone biosynthesis, thereby controlling the switch to stop growth.

Building on previous work (Jinek et al., 2013), we report a simple and robust system to achieve high fidelity and high efficiency (30% of homologous recombination) genome engineering by homology-directed repair pathway in human cells using cell cycle synchronization and timed delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes.

AurkA is imported into mitochondria at interphase, and it induces organelle elongation and enhances ATP production when over-expressed.

Meiotic cells inhibit two distinct steps of replisome assembly with multiple kinases to prevent DNA replication between Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

A sharp transition in the fate of DNA ends with telomere sequences is identified, which suggests a boundary between DNA double-strand breaks and telomeres.

Female fruit flies sense bacteria-derived peptidoglycan via the octopaminergic neurons to adapt their egg laying behavior to their infection status.