Choice history signals bias the interpretation of current sensory input, akin to shifting endogenous attention toward (or away from) the previously selected interpretation.

Perceptual decision making, even in simple scenarios, is affected by sensory and decisional choice biases.

Residual activity from previous trials in a biophysical decision network model causes biases in choice behavior such that a previous response is more likely to be repeated.

A novel animal model of economic decision-making captures complex patterns of choice behavior similar to those of humans, opening the way for mechanistic studies to probe the neural basis for this important form of executive function.

Confidence-dependent reinforcement learning is active and produces trial-to-trial choice updating even in well-learned perceptual decisions without explicit reward biases, across species and sensory modalities.

Across species and domains of decision-making, pupil-linked phasic arousal predicts suppression biases in the accumulation of evidence leading up to a choice.

Rapid increases in the brain’s level of alertness, or arousal, contribute to variability in decision making by reducing existing biases.

In both foraging and intertemporal choice tasks, rats prefer immediate rewards to delayed rewards, and this preference can be explained by a form of hyperbolic discounting.

Intra-individual variability in choice, response time, subjective effort, confidence, and choice-induced preference change and certainty gain is explained by a cost–benefit model of cognitive resource allocation.

Dopamine signals in the ventral, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral striatum are modulated by various variables, such as stimulus-associated value, choice, confidence, but these modulations can be inclusively explained by TD errors.