Dietary nitrate supplementation could effectively prevent irradiation therapy-induced xerostomia for patients with head and neck cancer, providing a novel, safe, and effective way to resolve this issue.

The large range of timescales empirically observed in neural circuits can be naturally explained when neural assemblies of heterogeneous size are recurrently coupled, empowering the neural circuits to efficiently process complex time-varying input signals.

The high-resolution x-ray structure of an asymmetrical SeCitS dimer, present in the inward- and outward-facing state, provides a complete mechanism of substrate and ion translocation in a sodium-dependent symporter.

Peptide and nitrate transporters have been converted into fluorescent reporters of transport activity and have been used to measure various transport properties including the dual affinity of the nitrate transceptor

A key enzyme of central energy metabolism, citrate synthase, regulates bacterial cell cycle progression at a very specific stage (S-phase) and independently of its enzymatic activity.

SLC35G1 is the first highly chloride-sensitive transporter localized on the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, responsible for citrate absorption.

Transposable elements and gene amplifications can provide variation needed for novel trait refinement and adaptation to new niches, though a recalcitrant organism-environment mismatch may persist.

A long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli shows that the appearance and optimization of a new trait can require both co-opting existing cellular pathways for new roles and reversing a history of previous adaptation.

Hsp70 restricts DNA binding activity of Hsf1 to control the width and amplitude of the heat-shock regulon.

The localization of respiratory complexes in the cell membrane emerges as a critical factor for controlling respiration in bacteria.