A rigorous and transparent evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis suggests it may be efficacious, although the strength of these findings is tempered by threats to validity in the studies that were included.
In monkeys, the integrity of the magnocellular subdivision of mediodorsal thalamus is important when using recent rewarded choices to promote persistence with a recently sampled choice during changing or uncertain reward guided-learning and decision-making tasks.
The prefrontal cortex encodes both stable and dynamic representations of expected value, providing mechanisms to support robust as well as flexible access to value information during temporal delays.
Two distinct subpopulations of CA1 neurons that increased or decreased their firing rate during delay were identified, suggesting that they have distinct roles in the valuation process in the hippocampus.
SafDAA-SafDAA structure and functional characterizations reveal a pili-mediated inter-cellular oligomerization mechanism for bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation in Salmonella enterica.
When conscious visual perception changes, the observer's pupils simultaneously signal the accompanying change in visual cortical representation, and specific neuromodulatory activity that helps translate the altered visual experience into behavior.
A survey of journals and editors in five areas of research - ecology, economics, medicine, physics and psychology - reveals a range of differences in their approach to peer review.
Children with autism often 'tune out' the voices in their environment and new results show that impaired processing of voices in the brain's reward system may underlie this social behavior.
A comparison between hierarchical and flat models of decision-making refutes flat models because they lack flexibility and are not supported by behavioral and neural data.
