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    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Rapid adaptation of a complex trait during experimental evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Tracy M Smith, Madison A Youngblom ... Caitlin S Pepperell
    Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, can evolve rapidly in response to new environments by mutating genetic regulators that control multiple genes at once.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Neolithic and medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of hepatitis B

    Ben Krause-Kyora, Julian Susat ... Johannes Krause
    Ancient hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes were reconstructed from up to 7000-year-old Stone Age human skeletons, suggesting a long-time complex co-evolution with human populations.
    1. Plant Biology

    Two NLR immune receptors acquired high-affinity binding to a fungal effector through convergent evolution of their integrated domain

    Aleksandra Białas, Thorsten Langner ... Sophien Kamoun
    The HMA domains of Pikp-1 and Pikm-1 NLR receptors have convergently evolved to bind AVR-PikD with high affinity through distinct evolutionary and biochemical paths.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Tempo and mode of gene expression evolution in the brain across primates

    Katherine Rickelton, Trisha M Zintel ... Courtney C Babbitt
    Larger phylogenetic context is required to understand human and nonhuman primate brain evolution.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Evolution of reduced co-activator dependence led to target expansion of a starvation response pathway

    Bin Z He, Xu Zhou, Erin K O’Shea
    The phosphate starvation response network in a commensal yeast evolved to expand its downstream targets via changes in the main transcription factor's dependence on its co-activator, potentially altering the physiological response.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Improved use of a public good selects for the evolution of undifferentiated multicellularity

    John H Koschwanez, Kevin R Foster, Andrew W Murray
    The ability to share resources for the benefit of all members of a group may have driven ancient organisms to evolve from a unicellular to a multicellular state.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Independent evolution of ancestral and novel defenses in a genus of toxic plants (Erysimum, Brassicaceae)

    Tobias Züst, Susan R Strickler ... Georg Jander
    A gain-of-function in a new chemical defense resulted in no trade-offs and and independent evolution between novel and ancestral defenses, suggesting low redundancy among different defensive chemicals.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    An evolutionary model identifies the main evolutionary biases for the evolution of genome-replication profiles

    Rossana Droghetti, Nicolas Agier ... Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino
    Mathematical modeling and data analysis show that, over evolutionary times, the yeast temporal program of replication strives to avoid stalling events and minimize interference between neighbor origins.
    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Fin whale song evolution in the North Atlantic

    Miriam Romagosa, Sharon Nieukirk ... Mónica A Silva
    The rapid and gradual fin whale songs changes adopted by individuals of a certain area provide evidence of vocal learning in this species, elucidate patterns of song evolution and hints on the limits of song variation.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Pre-existing chromosomal polymorphisms in pathogenic E. coli potentiate the evolution of resistance to a last-resort antibiotic

    Pramod K Jangir, Qiue Yang ... R Craig MacLean
    Interactions between a mobile resistance gene and chromosomal mutations drive the evolution of high-level antibiotic resistance.