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The neurotransmitter noradrenaline selectively modulates metacognition, the conscious insight into one's performance, but does not alter perceptual decision making, revealing that different neuromodulators affect different stages of a decision making process.

A computational model reveals how response properties of category-selective regions in the visual cortex reflect both bottom-up stimulus-driven signals and top-down attentional signals from the parietal cortex.

Everyday soundscapes dynamically engage attention towards target sounds or salient ambient events, with both attentional forms engaging the same fronto-parietal network but in a push-pull competition for limited neural resources.

Frontal cortical circuit alterations and cognitive deficits identified in mouse genetic models are reversed by chemogenetic or optogenetic stimulation of the mesocortical dopamine circuit in an adolescent period.

Social threats trigger enhanced neural representations within 200 milliseconds in sensory and motor systems of the human brain as a function of anxiety, highlighting its adaptive function in reacting rapidly to dangers in the environment.

The sleep-deprived brain in humans undergoes upscaled intracortical excitability which diminishes induction of LTP-like plasticity via transcranial electrical stimulation while converting the LTD-like to LTP-like plasticity and these physiological changes couple with impaired learning, memory, and attention at behavioral level.

Functional connectivity in the human brain reflects changes in synaptic plasticity induced with repeated paired stimulation.

A novel neuroprotective pathway that enhances acetyl-CoA metabolism via inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 may prevent the contribution of the aging process in the brain to Alzheimer's disease.

Older people can recruit additional brain regions to help perform complex tasks, possibly compensating for age-related changes in other parts of the brain.

Non-invasive manipulation of endogenously coupled neural rhythms enhances human control of social-emotional actions.