A minimal mathematical model can explain the emergence of planar cell polarity in epithelial tissues using only three free parameters, namely the rate of protein binding to cell membrane, the intracellular protein concentration, and the steepness of tissue-level gradients.

The BTB zinc finger gene Bm-mamo regulates melanin pigmentation in silkworm caterpillars from multiple aspects, including melanin synthesis, pigment granules maturation, and cuticle construction.

Ecological and evolutionary perspectives are critical to understand, predict, prevent, and treat malaria parasites that may spread to humans from our close primate relatives.