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Sex-specific characteristics of the fruit fly courtship behavior are not specified by a single binary switch, but as a combination of traits that are modularly specified by separable genetic switches.

Intraspecific predator interference enables a wide range of consumer species to coexist with a limited variety of resources, explaining the paradox of the plankton and species diversity patterns across ecosystems.

Simultaneous stimulation and recording in awake-behaving pigeons showed that mid-infrared stimulation, as a promising neuromodulation approach, could facilitate or suppress neuronal firing activity depending on its ongoing sensory responsiveness levels, and cause reversible and gain modulation on sensorimotor behavior.

Locally activatable bioluminescence (LABL) is a genetically encoded reporter that allows real time, in vivo measurement of distinct clocks in different cells and tissues in Drosophila.

Rigorous reanalysis of single-molecule data yields evidence for energy expenditure in the interaction of transcription factors on DNA.

T-regulatory type 1 cells inherit a broad repertoire of epigenetic marks from T-follicular helper T-cells, offering new insights into the developmental biology of this subset.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex integrates concurrent externally and internally generated predictions of task demand to guide information processing, while the medial prefrontal cortex corrects its prediction error based on actual task demand.

An in-depth metagenomic analysis of possibly the most abundant and widespread microbial lineage in the surface ocean teases apart evolutionary processes that maintain its genomic heterogeneity and biogeography.

The activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells both represents and participates in organizing the temporal structure of a periodically performed motor action.