Intraspecific predator interference enables a wide range of consumer species to coexist with a limited variety of resources, explaining the paradox of the plankton and species diversity patterns across ecosystems.

Some forms of positive density-dependence can favor species coexistence even if competitive species benefit the most from positive density-dependence.

Whereas theories of ecological diversity mostly consider continuously supplied nutrients, a seasonal model uncovers a general mechanism that controls diversity and reconciles conflicting experimental findings.

In a consumer-resource model obeying the physical requirement of flux conservation, metabolic competition between microbes yields consortia of cell types that collectively resist invasion via optimal use of resources.

Multistability and regime shifts are common and species diversity is high in microbial communities when nutrient supplies are balanced and competing species have different stoichiometries of essential nutrients.

Analytical and numerical analyses reveal that the number of coexisting species exceeds the number of resource only for the structurally unstable case of linear tradeoff.

Topoisomerase IV and the ter-binding protein MatP competitively bind the hinge domain of the Escherichia coli Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complex, MukB, leading to spatiotemporal regulation of MukBEF-topoisomerase IV activity.

The limits to the global distribution of the mosquitoes that transmit dengue and chikungunya have been predicted using a species distribution modelling approach.

Simulations and experiments on systems containing two different populations of microorganisms show that interactions that benefit at least one of the populations can lead to communities with stable compositions, and that strong cooperation between two populations can lead to communities in which both populations are mixed together.

In a minimalistic, generic model of competitive communities in which evolution is constrained by life-history trade-offs, stable biodiversity emerges with species adapted to different functional niches.